For the first time in 13 years, federal and state officials will battle the spread of rabies in towns west of the Cape Cod Canal, including Wareham, starting April 18.

The United States Department of Agriculture-Wildlife Services, in cooperation with the Cape Cod Rabies Task Force, will continue its Oral Rabies Vaccine Program, which is designed to eradicate a strain of rabies commonly found in raccoons.

Moving the program to the mainland is an attempt to create a larger buffer zone for Cape Cod while also providing vaccinations for more communities.

Brian Bjorklund, a wildlife/rabies biologist with the USDA, said expanding the program to mainland communities is an important component to eliminating rabies.

At a press conference on Monday, Bjorklund described Wareham as being home to a “hotspot” of rabies activity the previous winter.

“It’s a good thing we’re able to address the mainland towns now,” Bjorklund said. “Hopefully we can push it back further and create a bigger buffer zone.”

To combat the disease, 72,000 vaccinations, disguised as edible treats, will be distributed off Cape, in the mainland sections of Bourne and Sandwich, in addition to Plymouth, Wareham and portions of Rochester, Marion and Middleboro. Approximately 39,000 pieces of bait will be distributed on Cape Cod.

Bjorklund said residents should be on the look out for the vaccinations and take precautions to keep pets from taking the bait.

The vaccines won’t harm pets if ingested, but they are considered a lost dose for wildlife.

“Every bait that dogs get us one less vaccine available for a raccoon,” Bjorklund said.

The vaccines are inside plastic packets, which are wrapped inside bait made up of fishmeal. With its distinctive odor, Bjorklund said the bait attracts dogs and cats as well as raccoons. He encouraged dog owners to keep pets on leashes following the distribution of the bait.

On April 18 and 19, town officials, volunteers and USDA employees will hand distribute bait (by vehicle and on foot) in Wareham.

If anyone finds a bait sample, Bjorklund said it should be picked up using gloves and tossed into the woods or disposed of properly. If a pet eats the bait, report it to the USDA Wildlife Services by calling 508-476-2715.

In addition to the hand distribution, 48 stations on the mainland will be stocked with bait. Bjorklund said the stations dispense the bait like “gum ball machines” and are an effective and low-cost method to distribute the vaccinations.

Made of plastic piping, the stations are located in the woods of the mainland communities targeted. Bait stations will be filled on April 18 and monitored for three weeks after that date.

Before 2004, the Cape was free of raccoon rabies until a case was reported in Falmouth that year. Soon after, infected animals were discovered as far away as Provincetown.

Karl Von Hone, director of Yarmouth’s Division of Natural Resources, said the Oral Vaccination Program has been instrumental in reducing rabies cases on the Cape.

The first official case of rabies in Massachusetts was reported in 1994. Ten years later, the Cape Cod’s first case was reported.

Since then, the program’s boundary has shifted further west as rabies cases have declined on the outer Cape. Rabies, which is spread by the saliva of infected animals, is nearly 100 percent fatal if not treated before symptoms appear.

“We want everybody to understand the importance of this program,” Von Hone said. “By getting rid of rabies we’re bringing peace of mind to many people and pet owners.”